Energy Management
Due to the limited availability of energy resources such as natural gas, lignite coal, and fuel oil, coupled with climate change concerns and global fuel price volatility, EGAT has placed significant emphasis on efficient energy management both within and beyond the organization. EGAT has also increased its investment in renewable energy, developed energy storage systems, and advanced smart grid projects to support the optimal integration of renewable energy. These efforts aim to deliver clean and sustainable energy for the nation and future generations.
| Target for 2024 | Performance |
| ● Average Net Heat Rate of Power Plants: EGAT evaluates overall operational performance and sets target values based on the Guaranteed Heat Rate Curve of each EGAT power plant. | ● Performance fell short of the target value due to losses detected in the electricity generation process through the Performance Monitoring system. EGAT has conducted inspections and repairs of damaged equipment and continues to monitor the effectiveness of these corrective actions to maintain the operational efficiency of its power plants and ensure they can generate electricity according to their designed performance. |
Management
EGAT has designated the Fuel Deputy Governor Division as responsible for overseeing the fuel management process, ensuring the efficient and sufficient production and procurement of fuel for power plants. This division also supports the development of fuel-related businesses and affiliated enterprises within the EGAT Group. In parallel, the Electricity Generation Deputy Governor Division is responsible for managing EGAT’s electricity generation operations.
EGAT’s power generation utilizes a diverse mix of energy sources, both renewable and non-renewable, to ensure the country’s electricity supply remains stable, reliable and reasonably priced. In 2024, EGAT continued to use natural gas as the primary fuel, supplemented by lignite coal and oil. The fuel consumption from various sources is as follows:
- Natural Gas: EGAT used a total of 333,527.68 million cubic feet of natural gas sourced from the Gulf of Thailand, onshore fields and imported gas (from Myanmar and liquefied natural gas) for electricity generation at EGAT power plants.
- Lignite Coal: EGAT consumed 12.74 million tons of lignite coal from the Mae Moh mine for electricity generation at the Mae Moh Power Plant.
- Fuel Oil: EGAT used 10.65 million liters of fuel oil as the primary energy source at the Krabi Power Plant. Additionally, diesel fuel was used at the Bang Pakong, Chana, Krabi, Mae Hong Son, Mae Moh, Nam Phong, South Bangkok and Wang Noi power plants, totaling 48.42 million liters.
- Furthermore, EGAT also generates electricity from other renewable energy sources, including geothermal energy, solar power and wind energy.
Energy Conservation Measures
EGAT places great importance on internal energy conservation through various initiatives, as detailed below:
| Energy Reduction Measure | Description | Energy Reduction (MJ/year) |
| Replacement of Air Filter Regulator at Nong Chok Office | Replaced damaged Air Filter Regulator causing air leakage during operation, which increased Air Compressor usage and energy consumption. | 33,048.18 |
| Overhaul of Cooling Water Pump for Generator Unit 1 at Tha Thung Na Hydropower Plant | Overhauled equipment to restore optimal performance and prevent potential damage. | 25,431.12 |
| Reduction of Station Service Usage at Wang Noi Power Plant Unit 4 during Reserve Shutdown | Reduced equipment usage, lighting systems, and replaced Circulating Water Pump with Filtration Booster Pump. | 933,685.20 |
| Replacement of Air Conditioning Units at Vajiralongkorn Dam | Replaced aging air conditioners with high-efficiency Solar Air systems. | 75,893.70 |
| Replacement of Lighting Fixtures with High-Efficiency LEDs at Nam Phong Power Plant (Gas Turbine Area) | Replaced low-efficiency halogen lamps with high-efficiency LED lighting to reduce energy consumption. | 447,811.2 |
| Energy Control in Dormitory Rooms Using Key Card System at Ubolratana Dam | Installed Key Card system to control energy usage in dormitory rooms during occupant absence. | 85,134.24 |
| Replacement of Air Conditioning Units at EGAT Headquarters | Replaced fixed-speed split-type air conditioners with variable-speed units. | 119,325.78 |
Energy consumption within the organization
| Details | Energy Consumption (GJ) | ||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |
| Energy used by the organization | |||
| Natural gas | 323,057,100.82 | 322,053,733.21 | 270,229,160.79 |
| Fuel oil | 433,933.92 | 123,441.53 | 1,080,812.93 |
| Diesel oil | |||
| – for electricity generation | 1,827,952.84 | 6,561,774.28 | 11,886,086.21 |
| – for transportation | 179,550.67 | 114,798.21 | 99,463.02 |
| Benzene oil | |||
| – for transportation | 10,179.06 | 10,873.19 | 10,394.70 |
| Lignite | 179,720,943.36 | 174,050,029.76 | 176,053,988.08 |
| A: Total non-renewable fuel used | 505,229,660.68 | 502,914,650.18 | 459,359,905.73 |
| Palm oil | – | – | – |
| B: Total renewable fuel used | – | – | – |
| Energy purchased for use in the organization | |||
| Electricity | 553,842,288.75 | 455,813,688.68 | 500,877,932.08 |
| C: Total energy purchased for use in the organization | 553,842,288.75 | 455,813,688.68 | 500,877,932.08 |
| Energy generated by EGAT but not used in the organization | |||
| Electricity | – | – | – |
| D: Total energy produced by EGAT but not used in the organization | – | – | – |
| E: Energy sold | 778,042,122.87 | 733,951,374.09 | 705,090,170.82 |
| Total net energy used | 281,029,826.57 | 224,776,964.78 | 255,147,666.98 |
Note
– Net energy use in the organization = A + B + C + D – E
– Energy of 1 million BTU is 1.05505585262 GJ, electric energy of 1 kWh is 0.00360 GJ, 1 liter of diesel oil for vehicle is 36.42 MJ, benzene oil of 1 liter for vehicle is 31.48 MJ (Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy)
– Natural gas (dry) of 1 cubic foot is 0.97 MJ, coal of 1 kilogram is 14.11 MJ, bunker oil of 1 liter is 40.76 MJ, diesel oil for electricity generation is 37.75 MJ, (calculated from EGAT Report of Fuel Use in 2024)
– The figures are based on the amount of fuel input prior to electricity generation and have not been adjusted for production losses. As a result, the reported energy consumption may appear higher.
Energy consumption outside of the organization
| External power producers | Amount of energy purchased (kWh) | ||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |
| Independent power producers (IPP) | 64,586.32 | 41,134.90 | 52,695.43 |
| Small power producers (SPP) | 53,273.71 | 52,674.86 | 50,965.57 |
| Foreign power producers | 35,985.05 | 32,805.15 | 35,471.76 |
| Total | 153,845.08 | 126,614.91 | 139,132.75 |
| (553,842,288.75 GJ) | (455,813,688.68 GJ) | (500,877,900.00 GJ) | |
Note: Electric energy of 1 kWh = 0.00360 GJ
Energy Intensity
| Item | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 |
| Net energy used in the organization (GJ) | 281,029,826.57 | 224,776,964.78 | 255,147,666.98 |
| Generating capacity per year (kWh) | 65,857,319,327.73 | 67,075,981,221.02 | 60,238,150,088.95 |
| Energy Intensity (GJ/kWh) | 0.0043 | 0.0034 | 0.0042 |
Note:
– Energy intensity is calculated based on the total internal energy consumption of the organization relative to its annual total generation capacity.
– The annual total generation capacity refers to the Net Actual Generation, which is derived by subtracting the amount of electricity used in the production process (Station Service) from the Gross Actual Generation, or the total amount of electricity generated.
Renewable Energy Management
EGAT is committed to promoting clean electricity generation to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and mitigate climate change, thereby supporting Thailand’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality. In 2024, EGAT undertook several key initiatives to advance renewable energy development.
Floating Solar-Hydro Hybrid Power Plant
EGAT has successfully launched the first unit of the Floating Solar-Hydro Hybrid Power Plant at Ubolratana Dam in Khon Kaen Province, with a generation capacity of 24 megawatts. The plant commenced commercial operation in March 2024. This project stands out for its integration of three clean energy technologies: solar power, hydropower and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Electricity is generated from solar energy during the daytime and from the existing hydropower infrastructure at night. The BESS ensures a smooth transition between the two energy sources, enhancing the continuity and reliability of power generation.
To further improve system stability and reduce the limitations of renewable energy, the project incorporates an Energy Management System (EMS) and a Weather Forecast System. These systems enable precise control and efficient management of energy production. The solar panels occupy less than 1% of the reservoir’s surface area and are installed at an angle that allows sunlight to penetrate the water surface, thereby minimizing any impact on the underwater ecosystem.
This project marks EGAT’s second floating solar-hydro hybrid power plant and is part of Thailand’s Power Development Plan (PDP2018 Revision 1), covering the years 2018 to 2037. Under this plan, EGAT aims to develop 16 projects across 9 dam sites, with a total installed capacity of 2,725 megawatts. All projects are scheduled to achieve commercial operation by 2030.
Solar Power Plant Project
EGAT is currently developing a ground-mounted solar power plant (Solar Farm Project) located in the Mae Moh mine area, Lampang Province. The project has a planned generation capacity of 38.5 megawatts and is under construction. It is expected to begin supplying electricity to the grid in August 2025.
Future Clean Energy Initiatives
EGAT plays an active role in shaping the future of clean energy in Thailand. As a member of the national committee responsible for preparing the infrastructure for nuclear power plants, EGAT is conducting feasibility studies, identifying potential sites, sourcing advanced technologies, and developing a skilled workforce to support the deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). These reactors offer stable and environmentally friendly electricity generation and are considered a key component of Thailand’s long-term energy strategy.
In addition, EGAT is exploring hydrogen-based electricity generation through Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology. A feasibility study is currently underway at the Nam Phong Power Plant in Khon Kaen Province. This initiative aims to maximize the use of existing resources and support the growing electricity demand in the Northeastern region, contributing to a more sustainable and diversified energy future.
